Among dental implant materials, which is stated as the most common?

• A. Zirconia
• B. Titanium and titanium alloys
• C. Copper alloys
• D. Stainless steel

Answer: (B)

Titanium and its alloys are the standard for dental implants because they combine excellent biocompatibility with strong, durable performance in the mouth. They naturally form a stable oxide layer that resists corrosion in saliva, which helps prevent metal ions from leaching into surrounding tissues. This same surface chemistry supports osseointegration—the direct, functional connection between bone and implant—which is essential for long-term stability and load transfer. Clinically, titanium-based implants have the longest track record and the most extensive long-term performance data, making them the most reliable and widely used option. Zirconia is a valid metal-free alternative with good biocompatibility and aesthetics, but it is not as universally adopted as titanium due to less extensive long-term evidence and different handling characteristics. Copper alloys are avoided because copper can be toxic to tissues at elevated levels and can corrode in the oral environment. Stainless steel is generally not preferred for permanent implants due to corrosion and ion-release concerns, and it is more commonly used for temporary components or non-implant applications.