Pulp response in deep cavities when a liner is used is

• A. Minimal
• B. Inflammation
• C. Moderate
• D. Severe

Answer: (A)

Liners in deep cavities mainly serve to protect the pulp and support dentin repair. When a liner is properly placed, it acts as a barrier between the pulp and irritants from the prep and the restorative material, reducing diffusion of toxins and thermal or chemical insults. This protective layer helps keep the inflammatory stimulus to the pulp low, so the expected pulpal reaction is minimal.

Different liners contribute to this favorable outcome in complementary ways. Calcium hydroxide creates a high-pH environment that encourages odontoblast activity and reparative dentin formation, which further buffers the pulp from irritation. Glass ionomer liners seal dentin tubules, bond to dentin, and release fluoride, reducing microleakage and ongoing irritation. Together, these properties promote a calm pulpal environment when the liner is correctly applied.

If a liner isn’t used or is improperly placed, the pulp is more exposed to irritants, and a more pronounced inflammatory response could occur, ranging from mild to severe, depending on depth and material sensitivity.