Which of the following are components of the periodontium?

• A. All of the above
• B. Cementum
• C. Periodontal ligament
• D. Alveolar bone

Answer: (A)

The periodontium is the set of tissues that surround and support the tooth as a unit. Cementum covers the tooth root and provides a surface for the periodontal ligament fibers to attach. The periodontal ligament is a fibrous connective tissue that anchors the tooth to the alveolar bone and helps absorb occlusal forces. Alveolar bone forms the bony socket that houses the tooth. In addition, the gingiva surrounds the teeth and contributes to the protective seal of the periodontium. Because each of the listed tissues is part of the supporting complex around a tooth, the option that includes all of them is the best choice.